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Getting Started With Raspberry Pi

by Ubilal | Jun 12, 2019 | SD CARDS & ADAPTER

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Getting Started With Raspberry Pi,Basics of Raspberry Pi,Raspberry Pi pinout,Raspberry Pi data sheet

In this article I will let you go through the basics of Raspberry pi and the general overview of the setup required to run a Raspberry pi. After reading this article you will learn about the Raspberry pi hardware i.e. about its GPIO pins, several communication ports available on board, power supply rating for the Raspberry pi, Operating System of the Raspberry pi. You will also be able to differentiate between the Microcomputers, Microcontrollers and Microprocessors. In short this article is best for the beginners in the field of programming and engineering. This article is simple to read so keep reading and enjoy learning.

Whether you are electronics Hobbyist, Engineering enthusiast or research student you must have listen the word “Raspberry Pi”. So let’s start with the simple question

What is Raspberry pi?

A Raspberry Pi is a micro-computer with the microprocessor, graphics chip, memory, USB Ports, HDMI output, Ethernet port, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth module all integrated on a single PCB which makes it a stand-alone device. The Raspberry pi can be connected to the input devices as keyboard, mouse and output devices as the LCD or monitor and thus can be programmed or controlled without the need of any other device. It can also be connected to the personal computer through proper networking protocols and programmed by the personal computer via dedicated softwares. The Raspberry Pi can perform many tasks that the PC does like gaming, word processing, spreadsheets and also play HD videos. To work with the Raspberry proper Operating System should be installed on it. A Raspberry Pi does not come with the already installed OS so OS needs to be installed to make Raspberry Pi useful. I will let you know how to install the OS on the Raspberry Pi in coming discussion. For now we will stick to learn the hardware of the Raspberry Pi.

Board Overview:

Before discussing the board specifications keep in mind that there are various models of the Raspberry Pi:

Raspberry Pi 1 model B
Raspberry Pi 1 model A
Raspberry Pi 1 model B+
Raspberry Pi 1model A+
Raspberry Pi Zero
Raspberry Pi 2
Raspberry Pi 3 model B
Raspberry Pi Zero W

Note that Raspberry Pi 3 model B+ is the latest model of the Raspberry Pi so I will discuss only it in detail. The board looks like the one in the following image. Some of the components of the Raspberry Pi board are labeled in the image. Now I will discuss each labeled part one by one. First of all consider the General purpose Input/output (GPIO) pins as these are the interfaces which let the board communicate the outer world.

Raspberry Pi Pins:

The Raspberry Pi can be connected to a lot of sensors and actuators like Distance sensor, Light sensor, Motion sensor, Temperature sensor, relay, leds, motors etc. through its GPIO pins. A lot of transducers can be connected to the Raspberry Pi according to the requirement of task.here are a total of 40 pins on the GPIO header of the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+. Some of the pins are configurable and some are not. By configurable I mean that these Raspberry Pi GPIO pins can be accessed via dedicated programs and function to serve as either an Input or an Output. A complete guide of how to program the Raspberry Pi and use its GPIO pins to perform interesting feats will be discussed in the coming sections. The non- configurable pins are the Raspberry Pi power pins.

Let us discuss the Raspberry Pi GPIO pins in some detail.

Raspberry Pi Power Pins:

PIN 2 and 4:

Raspberry Pi can be powered up either through a USB power port or 5V pins on the GPIO header of the Raspberry Pi. Pin number 2 and 4 represented in red color in the above image are the 5V pins. These two pins can either be used to power up the Raspberry Pi or can be used to power up other modules you are working with in the project for example Arduino or any sensor. By the way it is not a good approach to connect the power source to the 5V pins as these Pins do not have a regulator or a fuse so any current surge in a line can damage your Raspberry Pi. The maximum current provided by the Pins 2 and 4 depends upon the power supply of the Raspberry Pi. That is if you use a power supply of 2A on micro USB port the maximum current of 1.5A will be provided by the Pins 2 and 4.

Raspberry Pi Ground pins:

Total 8 Ground pins are present on the Raspberry Pi board. All of them are connected internally so you can use any of them without any difference. Any sensor or actuator can be powered up via Raspberry Pi through the 5V and Ground pin. Pin number 6, 9, 14, 20, 25, 30, 34, 39 represented by black color are the Ground Pins.

3V pins:

Pins number 1 and 17 are the 3.3V pins. These pins are also used for powering the modules that work on 3.3 volts. These pins can provide a current of 500mA to the sensors or modules. These pins are represented by yellow color in the above image.

In short these pins are just for powering up. The actual power of Raspberry Pi lies in the standard GPIO pins discussed below.

Raspberry Pi General Purpose Input/Output Pins:

raspberry pi gpio python,,raspberry pi 3 gpio tutorial

The Raspberry Pi can support almost all of the sensors supported by other Micro-controllers as long as they work at 3.3 volts. Unlike the Arduino Raspberry Pi has only digital pins and analog pins are not present on the Raspberry Pi so you need to design the code so that your Raspberry Pi can work with analog sensors.s can be seen in the chart GPIO pins are represented in different colors. Those represented with green colors are the standard GPIO pins. These are the pins which we use in our basic beginners project. As told earlier these pins can be configured as either Input or an Output. When configured as an input various sensors can be connected to the Raspberry Pi but it should be kept in mind that voltage greater than 3.3V will fry up your Raspberry Pi. Raspberry Pi standard GPIO pins works at 3.3V. Similarly when configured as an output Raspberry Pi delivers 3.3V to the actuators from its GPIO pins. Before we discuss the special purpose GPIO pins remember all the GPIO pins except pins 27 and 28 can be used as regular GPIO pins.

Following is the list of some of the sensors you can connect with Raspberry Pi to perform cool feats.

List of sensors to be connected with Raspberry Pi GPIO:

Humidity and temperature sensor
Barometer
Soil sensor
Gas Sensor
PIR Motion Sensor
HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor
Magnetic Switch / Reed Relay
Infrared distance meter
RFID-RC522 – Inductive RFID card reader
Gyroscope
HMC5883L / GY-271 Compass
Accelerometer and many more.

The image shows the interface of simple LDR with Raspberry Pi. This is the simple example of how to use GPIO pin as input to be connected with the analog sensor i.e. Light Dependent Resistor. Similarly a lot of sensors can be connected to the Raspberry Pi. I will discuss basic projects exploiting the GPIOs in the coming articles.

Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C):

Pins 3 and 5 are the I2C pins. These pins let the Raspberry Pi talk to the devices that support I2C protocol. In short these pins are used for communication purpose.

Serial-Peripheral Bus (SPI):

Pin number 19, 21, 23, 24, 25 are the SPI pins. Like the I2C pins these pins are also used for communication purposes. These Pins let the Raspberry Pi talk to SPI devices.

UART:

Pin number 8 and 10 are the serial pins used to communicate with other devices.

A complete tutorial of these Special Purpose GPIOs will be discussed in the coming articles. Now let’s discuss the CSI Camera Port.

Camera Port of the Raspberry Pi:

Camera port is the thing which makes the Raspberry Pi stand out the Micro-controllers. It is used as an interface between the Raspberry Pi and the Camera. There are a lot of applications we can do with the Camera and Raspberry Pi. The Camera interface with Raspberry Pi is shown in the image.

We can do a lot of Image processing and Surveillance projects using the Pi camera.

raspberry pi camera python,raspberry pi camera preview

HDMI port:

The HDMI port is used to connect the TV or monitor to the Raspberry Pi via High Definition Media Interface Cable. The image shows the interface of the Raspberry Pi and LCD. By connecting the monitor to the Raspberry Pi we can directly interact with the Raspberry Pi without the need of PC and can program the Raspberry directly. I will discuss the complete of the raspberry Pi in the next article.

Display Port:

The Display port is used to connect the touch screen to the Raspberry Module. The complete tutorial will be discussed later in the next articles.

Features of the Raspberry Pi:

The full specs of the Raspberry Pi 3 are the following

CPU: Quad-core
GPU: 400MHz
Memory: 1
USB ports: 4
Video outputs:
Network: 10/100Mbps Ethernet and 802.11n Wireless LAN
Peripherals: 17 GPIO plus specific functions, and HAT ID bus
Bluetooth: 4.1
Power source: 5 V via Micro-USB or GPIO header

I hope this article would be helpful to you. In the next article I will discuss about how to install Operating system in the Raspberry, how to interface it with the LCD and the LED blinking code. Stay connected and “Happy Learning”.

Digital Logic Gates |Microsolution

by Ubilal | Jun 11, 2019 | SD CARDS & ADAPTER

Digital systems have been gaining attention for the last few decades due to their benefits over analog circuits. Digital Circuits are less prone to noise and signal processing in digital domain is better than in analog domain. The digital logic gates are fundamental building blocks of the Digital Circuit. These logic gats can be wired in variety of ways to perform the particular task. The three basic digital logic gates are:

These basic digital logic gates can be connected in peculiar ways to form other important logic gates. Logic gates formed by the peculiar combination AND, OR and NOT are:

Here the basics of all these logic gates are discussed. Before we start discussion it is important to mention that each basic logic gate implements a particular Boolean operation and these basic logic gates can be connected to implement complex Boolean expressions.

AND Gate:

AND Gate perform the Logic AND operation. Basic AND Gate has two inputs and a single output. The relationship between the inputs and output of the AND Gate is represented by Boolean AND function. The following image shows the truth table, schematic symbol and Boolean Expression of AND Gate.

The AND Operation is represented by . sign. The Output of the AND Gate is HIGH if and only if both of its inputs are HIGH.

OR Gate:

OR Gate performs the Logic OR operation. Basic OR Gate has two inputs and a single output. The relationship between the inputs and output of the OR Gate is represented by Boolean OR function. The following image shows the truth table, schematic symbol and Boolean Expression of OR Gate.

The OR Operation is represented by + sign. The Output of the OR Gate is HIGH if one of the inputs of the OR Gate is HIGH or both of the inputs are HIGH otherwise its output is LOW.

NOT Gate:

NOT Gate is the simplest logic gate with single input and single output. NOT Gate is also referred to as INVERTER and implements the logic NOT Operation. The truth table, schematic symbol and Boolean expression of the NOT Gate are as shown in the following figure:

The Output of the NOT Gate is the complement of its input which is represented by the bar symbol. The output will be HIGH when the input is LOW and vice versa.

NAND Gate:

NAND Gate is formed by connecting output of the AND Gate at the input of the NOT Gate. Thus the NAND Gate is the negation of the AND Gate. The truth table, schematic symbol and Boolean Expression of the NAND Gate are as shown in the following figure:

The output of the NAND Gate is LOW if and only if both of its inputs are HIGH otherwise the output is HIGH. Note that the truth table of the NAND Gate is complement of the AND Gate.

NOR Gate:

NOR Gate is formed by connecting output of the OR Gate at the input of the NOT Gate. Thus the NOR Gate is the negation of the OR Gate. The truth table, schematic symbol and Boolean Expression of the NOR Gate are as shown in the following figure:

The output of the NOR Gate is HIGH if and only if both of its inputs are LOW otherwise the output is LOW. Note that the truth table of the NOR Gate is complement of the OR Gate.

XOR Gate:

The XOR Gate is formed by connecting the AND, NOT and OR in particular configuration. XOR Gate is the two input and single output logic gate. The truth table, schematic symbol and Boolean expression the XOR Gate is as shown in the following figure:

The Output of the XOR Gate is HIGH when both of its inputs are different otherwise the output is LOW. The XOR Gate is commonly used in Full Adder, Half Adder circuit. The XOR Gate is also used in the comparator circuit.

XNOR Gate:

Like XOR Gate XNOR Gate is also formed by the combination of basic Gates. XNOR Gate is the complement of the XOR Gate. The truth table, schematic symbol and Boolean Expression of the XNOR Gate is as shown in the following figure:

The output of the XNOR Gate is HIGH if and only if both of the inputs are same otherwise the output is LOW. Note here that the truth table of the XNOR Gate is the complement of the XOR Gate.

Logic Gates Truth Table

Logic Gates Applications

Universal Logic Gates

Logic Gates Project

That is all for now, I hope this article would be helpful for you. In the next article I will come up with more interesting topics. Till then stay connected, keep reading and enjoy learning.